Short answer
The biopsychosocial model takes into account the effect of psychological, social and environmental stressors on health and on the patient’s complaints. The osteopath should take these factors into account, but should not replace the work of a psychologist or psychiatrist, and should refer the patient to the appropriate specialist when a mental health problem is suspected.
The biopsychosocial model
One of the five models described in the WHO document on osteopathy is the biopsychosocial model. This model takes into account the effect of psychological, social and environmental stressors on health and on the patient’s complaints.
Pain and stress
Chronic pain is often not explained by tissue changes alone. Sleep, stress, fear, and work and family circumstances can influence the perception and persistence of pain. This is why communication with the patient, education and the encouragement of activity have an important place in the modern approach.
Professional boundaries
The osteopath should take psychological factors into account, but should not replace the work of a psychologist or psychiatrist. When depression, an anxiety disorder or another mental health problem is suspected, the patient should be referred to the appropriate specialist. Claims that osteopathic treatment treats mental illnesses have not been confirmed by scientific evidence.
Sources
- World Health Organization (2010). Benchmarks for training in osteopathy. ISBN 978-92-4-159966-5. who.int (opens in a new window)
This article is for educational purposes and does not replace a physician's advice.